Class- Pisces

 Class- Osteichthyes

General Characters

1. It includes both marine and freshwater fishes with bony endoskeletons.
2. Their body is streamlined. 
3. The mouth is mostly terminal.
4. They have four pairs of gills which are covered by an operculum on each side.
5. Skin is covered with cycloid/ctenoid scales.
6. The air bladder is present in the teleost of bony fishes which regulates buoyancy.
7. The heart is two-chambered (one auricle and one ventricle).
8. They are cold-blooded
9. Sexes are separate.
10. Fertilization is usually external.
11. They are mostly oviparous and development is direct.
12. Examples: Flying fish, Sea horse, Fighting fish, Angel fish etc.

DOG FISH / Scoliodaon

Phylum  Chordata               Presence of the notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and dorsal  

                                            tubular nerve cord.

sub-phylum     Vertebrata -     Notochord replaced by vertebral column or backbone,

Class - Chondrichthyes        Presence of the notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and dorsal tubular 

                                            nerve cord.

Superclass - Gnathostomata -    Mouth with true jaws paired appendages present in the form of                                                 finsor limbs.

Order - Pleurotremata     -       pectoral fins moderate, constricted at the base.present behind the                                             eye.Includes sharks with 5-7 pairs of lateral gill slits, body

Genus -            Scoliodan

Species-           sorrakowah

  Character 

•         Scoliodon is commonly called as dogfish.

•         Body divisible into head, trunk and tail.

•         Presence of 5 pairs of gill slits.

•         Presence of paired and unpaired fins.

•         Tail is slightly bends upward.

In male pelvic fin shows presence of claspers

STING RAY

Sting ray (Trygon)

Phylum  Chordata                 Presence of the notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and dorsal  

                                              tubular nerve cord.

sub-phylum     Vertebrata -   Notochord replaced by vertebral column or backbone,

Class - Chondrichthyes       Presence of the notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and dorsal tubular 

                                            nerve cord.

Superclass - Gnathostomata -    Mouth with true jaws paired appendages present in the form                                                    of  fins or limbs.

Order   Hypotremata               body is flat dorso-ventrally presence of gill slits. Pectoral fin is 

                                                fused to side of body.

  Character        

•          Trygon is commonly called as sting ray.

•         Body is dorso-ventrally flattened.

•         Body consists of head trunk and long tail.

•         Five pairs of gills slits on ventral side of body.

•         Mouth is ventral in position.

•         Pectoral fins are much larger fused with body on lateral side.

•         Tail is long whip like with poisonous sting . 

ELECTIC RAY

Electric ray (Torpedo)

Phylum  Chordata                 Presence of the notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and dorsal  

                                              tubular nerve cord.

sub-phylum     Vertebrata -   Notochord replaced by vertebral column or backbone,

Class - Chondrichthyes       Presence of the notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and dorsal tubular 

                                            nerve cord.

Superclass - Gnathostomata -    Mouth with true jaws paired appendages present in the 

                                                    form of fins or limbs.

Order   Hypotremata               body is flat dorso-ventrally presence of gill slits. Pectoral fin is 

                                                fused to the side of the body.

Comments.

•         The body of electric ray is dorso-ventrally flattened.

•         Body is divisible into body proper and tail.

•         Presence of large oval eyes located on mid-dorsal side of the head.

•         Pectoral fins are attached to the side of body laterally.

•         Mouth is transverse and situated ventrally.

•         Tail is thick and short with two dorsal fins and a caudal fin.

•         Viviparous animal

•         Mouth is present on ventral side.

•         Presence of electric organs which generate electric current used to kill preys or enimies.

LABEO :

Phylum -        Chordata         Presence of notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and dorsal tubular 

                                                nerve cord.

sub-phylum     Vertebrata -     Notochord replaced by vertebral column or backbone,

Class –            Ostechthyes     Endoskeleton is bony 4 pairs of gills slits.  gill slits 

                                                paired  appendages present in the form of fins.

Order-      Cyprinifores    Air bladder connected to pharynx.  Presence of Weberian

                                                ossicles between air bladder.   

Genus – Labeo

Species – rohita      

Comment.

•         Labeo is commonly called as rohu.

•         Body is spindle shaped.

•         Body divisible into head, trunk and tail.

•         Body shows presence of paired and unpaired fins.

•         Presence of 4 Paris of gill slits.

•         Gills are covered with operculum.

•         Body is covered with cycloid scales .

 CHARACTERS

1.      It is commonly found in the fresh water ponds, lakes and river.

2.      Body is divisible in to head, trunk and tail.

3.      Labeo is commonly called as rohu.

4.      Body is spindle shaped.

5.      Body divisible into head, trunk and tail.

6.      Body shows presence of paired and unpaired fins

7.      Head is depressed. It bears mouth; paired nostrils and paired eyes.

8.      Two small threads like sensory maxillary barbells are present at the corners of the mouth. Mouth without teeth.

9.      Dorsal, anal, caudal, paired pectoral and anal fin with soft fin rays present. Caudal fin is homocercal i.e. having two equal lobes.

10.  Body covered with overlapping cycloid scales.

EXOCOETUS 

Phylum -       Chordata     Presence of the notochord, pharyngeal gill slits and dorsal                                                   tubular nerve cord.

sub-phylum     Vertebrata -    Notochord replaced by vertebral column or backbone,

Class –             Osteichthyes     Endoskeleton is bony 4 pairs of gills slits.  gill slits paired  

                                      appendages present in the form of fins.

ORDER        : BELONIFORMES

CHARACTERS

1.      Commonly known as flying fish.

2.      Silvery white body and is divisible in to bead, trunk and tail.

3.      Body covered with overlapping cycloid scales.

4.      Mouth small with teeth in both jaws.

5.      Dorsal and anal tins are short but pectoral fins are exceptionally large spread like wings and makes gliding flights. It can glide over the surface of the water for about 400 meters.

6.      Tail homocercal.

SEA HORSE

Phylum -        Chordata      Presence o f notochord, pharyngeal gill slits and dorsal tubular nerve cord. 
sub-phylum    Vertebrata -     Notochord replaced by vertebral column or backbone,
Class –          Ostechthyes    Endoskeleton is bony 4 pairs of gills slits.  gill slits paired                
                                              appendages present in the form of fins.
ORDER  : SYNGNATHIFORMES

CHARACTERS

1.      Commonly called as sea horse because its anterior end likes the head of a horse.

2.      Mouth terminal, toothless and suctorial.

3.      Body is divisible into head, trunk and tail.

4.      Single dorsal fin, ventral and caudal fins are absent.

5.      Tail is prehensile.

6.      It swims vertically with it majestic snout.

7.      Sexually dimorphic, males with a brood pouch on the belly for protecting eggs till hatching takes place

EEL FISH / ANGUILLA VULGARIS

Phylum -              Chordata         Presence o f notochord, pharyngeal gill slits and dorsal tubular nerve 

                                                    cord.

sub-phylum           Vertebrata -     Notochord replaced by vertebral column or backbone,

Class –           Osteichthyes    Endoskeleton is bony 4 pairs of gills slits.  gill slits paired                

                                                      appendages present in the form of fins.

O

 Order - Amguliforme

 CHARACTERS

1.      Commonly known as eel fish. It is fresh water fish and can live several hours outside the water.

2.      Body is slender elongated and snake like. It is divisible into head, trunk and tail.

3.      Head contains a mouth, eyes, and nostrils. On each side, the operculum covers the gill slits.

4.      Dorsal fin, anal fin and caudal fin are joined together forming a continuous fin. Small pectoral fins behind the operculum.

5.      They have a peculiar breeding habit. 

CLASS : AMPHIBIA

 CLASS: AMPHIBIA

GENERAL CHARACTERS

1.  These are cold-blooded vertebrates.
2.  Skin is smooth or rough, rich in glands
3. Skin is with large numbers of mucus glands
4.  Limbs with webbed digits
5.  Red blood cells are biconvex, oval, and nucleated.
6. Three-chambered heart, with two auricles, and one ventricle.
7.  gills are present in tadpole stage  
8.  Eggs with gelatinous covering, usually laid in water.
9.  The larva passes through the aquatic stage before metamorphosing into an adult.

ICHTHYOPHIS

Phylum –Chordata (Notochord is present, Dorsal tubular nerve   cord.)
Sub-phylum – Vertebrata (Vertebral column is present)
Class – Amphibia (cold-blooded, aquatic and terrestrial, skin moist)
Order – Apoda (Burrowing vermiform, without limbs& girdles.)
Genus – Ichthyophis
Species - glutinosa

CHARACTERS

 1. Ichthyophis is a burrowing elongated & eel-type animal.

2. Ichthyophis is a burrowing elongated & eel type of animal.

2. It measures up to 30 cm in length.

3. The colour of body is dark brown or bluish-black with a yellow band along the side.

4. Fertilization is external.

5. Completely aquatic.

.FROG

•      Phylum –Chordata (Notochord is present, Dorsal tubular nerve   cord.)

•      Sub-phylum – Vertebrata (Vertebral column is present)

•      Class – Amphibia ( cold blooded, aquatic and terrestrial, skin moist)

•      Order – Anura (Tail less animal)

•      Genus – Rana

•      Species – tigrina       

   Characters –

1.It is commonly called as bull frog

2. Body is green with black patches

 3. Head is flat & more or less triangular

 4. eyes are large with eyelid &      nictating membrane.

5. A pair of tympanum lie behind eyes

6. Carnivorous, feeding small worms, snails, aquatic insects.           

TOAD

Phylum –        Chordata (Notochord is present, Dorsal tubular nerve   cord.)
Sub-phylum – Vertebrata (Vertebral column is present)
Class –            Amphibia ( cold blooded, aquatic and terrestrial, skin is moist)
Order –          Anura (Tail less animal)
Genus –          Bufo     
Species –       melanosticus

CHARACTERS

1. It is commonly called as a true- toad.

2. Skin is rough, dry, and watery on the dorsal surface of the body.

3. Eyes are large & nostrils are very small.

4. Tympanum is very well developed.

5. Paired parotid glands are present behind the tympanum, 

These secrete a poisonous fluid that is irritating.

6. Fore limb bears three webless fingers & a thumb pad.

7. Hind limb has three toes with a greatly reduced web.

SALAMANDER

Phylum –Chordata (Notochord is present, Dorsal tubular nerve   cord.)
Sub-phylum – Vertebrata (Vertebral column is present)
Class – Amphibia ( cold blooded, aquatic and terrestrial, skin moist)
Order – Apoda (Burrowing vermiform, without limbs& girdles.)
Genus – Ichthyophis
Species - glutinosa

CHARACTERS:

1. Salamandra is commonly known as European fire salamander & terrestrial in habit.

2. Body is lizard-like in appearance. The colour is black with yellow spots.

3. Limbs are well-developed & strong. 

The tail is cylindrical.

4. Eyelids are movable. The tympanic membrane or middle ear is absent.

5. Teeth are present on both jaws.

6. Young ones born having the external gills & metamorphosis takes place later.